नोबेल प्राइज या नोबेल पुरस्कार (Nobel Prize), रसायनशास्त्र, भौतिकीशास्त्र, साहित्य, शांति, एवं औषधीविज्ञान के क्षेत्र में अत्यंत शोभनीय कार्य हेतु रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेस, द स्वीडिश एकेडमी, दकारोलिंस्का इंस्टीट्यूट, एवं द नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल कमिटी द्वारा दिया जाने वाला विश्व का एक सर्वाच्च पुरस्कार है | परीक्षा के लिहाज से भी यह एक महत्वपूर्ण विषय है और भारत में विभिन्न प्रकार की प्रतियोगिता परीक्षा में इस प्रकार के सवाल पूछे जाते है | आज हम आपको नोबेल पुरस्कार (Nobel Prize) क्या है, नोबेल पुरस्कार देने की परम्परा कब से शुरू हुई थी, इसका इतिहास, नोबेल पुरस्कार (Nobel Prize) में दी जाने वाली राशि और नोबेल प्राइज से जुड़े तमाम सवालो के जवाब देने का भरपूर प्रयास करेंगे | कृपया पूरी जानकारी हेतु यह विस्तृत लेख पूरा पढ़े साथ ही इसमें नोबेल पुरस्कार (Nobel Prize) विजेता की भी सूची प्रारभ से लेकर वर्तमान तक प्रकाशित की गयी जिसमे भारतीयों को मिलने वाले नोबेल पुरस्कार (Nobel Prize) की सूची भी समाहित की गयी है |
क्या है नोबेल पुरस्कार (Nobel Prize)
Table of Contents
यह नोबेल फाउंडेशन के द्वारा शुरू किया गया एक विश्वस्तरीय पुरस्कार है जो रसायनशास्त्र, भौतिकीशास्त्र, साहित्य, शांति, एवं औषधीविज्ञान के क्षेत्र में प्रभावशाली काम करने वाले व्यक्ति को दिया जाता है | इसकी शुरुआत 1901 से स्वीडन के वैज्ञानिक अल्फ्रेड नोबेल की याद में शुरू हुई थी | नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता को एक मेडल, एक डिप्लोमा और मोनेटरी अवार्ड से सम्मानित किया जाता है | नोबेल फाउंडेशन, नोबेल प्राइज का आर्थिक रूप से संचालन करती है | इसके लिए वैज्ञानिक अल्फ्रेड नोबेल ने मृत्यु से पहले अपनी संपत्ति का कुछ अंश ट्रस्ट में सुरक्षित कर लिया था जिसका ब्याज नोबेल प्राइज विजेता में वितरित किया जाता है | नोबेल प्राइज विजेता को Nobel laureates कहा जाता है |
नोबेल फाउंडेशन में 5 सदस्य होते है और इसका मुखिया स्वीडन के किंग ऑफ़ कौंसिल के द्वारा चयनित किया जाता है तथा शेष अन्य संस्थानों के ट्रस्टी द्वारा चयनित होते है | यह पुरस्कार स्वीडन के राजा के द्वारा दिया जाता है | इसके लिए हर साल अक्टूबर माह में पुरस्कार विजेता की घोषणा करते है तथा इसे वैज्ञानिक अल्फ्रेड नोबेल की पुन्य तिथि 10 दिसम्बर पर विजेता को दिया जाता है |
वैज्ञानिक अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कौन थे ?
अल्फ्रेड नोबेल महान वैज्ञानिको में से एक थे जिन्होंने अपने जीवनकाल में विभिन्न प्रकार के अविष्कार किये जिनकी संख्या लगभग 355 है और उन्ही में से एक सबसे ज्यादा चर्चित रहा डायनामाइट का भी अविष्कार है | उन्होंने अपने जीवनकाल में कभी शादी नहीं की और वर्ष 1896 में दिल का दोरा पड़ने से उनकी मृत्यु इटली में हुई थी |
नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता की सूची
नोबेल पुरस्कार भारतीय विजेता की सूची
व्यक्ति
क्षेत्र
Year
योगदान
रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर
साहित्य
1913
साहित्यिक.
सी० वी० रमन
भौतिक विज्ञान
1930
प्रकाश के प्रकीर्णन पर उनके कार्य तथा रमण प्रभाव की खोज के लिए ।
हर गोबिंद खुराना
चिकित्सा
1968
आनुवंशिक कोड की अपनी व्याख्या और प्रोटीन संश्लेषण में उनके कार्य के लिए ।
मदर टेरेसा
शांति
1979
मानवीय कार्य.
सुब्रह्मण्यम चंद्रशेखर
भौतिक विज्ञान
1983
सितारों की संरचना और विकास पर उनके सैद्धांतिक अध्ययन के लिए
अमर्त्य सेन
आर्थिक विज्ञान
1998
कल्याणकारी अर्थशास्त्र में उनके योगदान के लिए ।
वेंकटरमन रामकृष्णन
रसायन
2009
राइबोसोम की संरचना और कार्यों के अध्ययन के लिए.
कैलाश सत्यार्थी
शांति
2014
बच्चों और युवाओं के दमन के खिलाफ और सभी बच्चों के शिक्षा के अधिकार हेतु उनके संघर्ष के लिए.
अभिजीत बनर्जी
आर्थिक विज्ञान
2019
वैश्विक गरीबी को कम करने के लिए उनके प्रयोगात्मक योगदान के लिए.
Year
Name
Citizenship
रसायन विज्ञान में नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता
(1901 – 2020)
2020
Emmanuelle
Charpentier
France
2020
Jennifer Anne
Doudna
United States
2019
John Bannister
Goodenough
United States
2019
Michael Stanley
Whittingham
United Kingdom
2019
Yoshino
Akira
Japan
2018
Frances Hamilton
Arnold
United States
2018
George Pearson
Smith
United States
2018
Gregory Paul
Winter
United Kingdom
2017
Jacques
Dubochet
Switzerland
2017
Joachim
Frank
Germany
2017
Richard
Henderson
United Kingdom
2016
Jean-Pierre
Sauvage
France
2016
Sir James Fraser
Stoddart
United Kingdom
2016
Bernard Lucas
Feringa
Netherlands
2015
Tomas
Lindahl
Sweden
2015
Paul
Modrich
United States
2015
Aziz
Sancar
Turkey
2014
Eric Betzig
Eric Betzig
United States
2014
Stefan W.
Hell
Germany
2014
William E.
Moerner
United States
2013
Martin
Karplus
Austria
2013
Michael
Levitt
United States
2013
Arieh
Warshel
Israel
2012
Robert J.
Lefkowitz
United States
2012
Brian K.
Kobilka
United States
2011
Dan
Shechtman
Israel
2010
Richard F.
Heck
United States
2010
Ei-ichi
Negishi
China
2010
Akira
Suzuki
Japan
2009
Venkatraman
Ramakrishnan
United States
2009
Thomas A.
Steitz
United States
2009
Ada E.
Yonath
Israel
2008
Martin
Chalfie
United States
2008
Osamu
Shimomura
United States
2008
Roger Y.
Tsien
United States
2007
Gerhard
Ertl
Germany
2006
Roger D.
Kornberg
United States
2005
Yves
Chauvin
France
2005
Robert H.
Grubbs
United States
2005
Richard R.
Schrock
United States
2004
Aaron
Ciechanover
Israel
2004
Avram
Hershko
Israel
2004
Irwin
Rose
United States
2003
Peter
Agre
United States
2003
Roderick
MacKinnon
United States
2002
John B.
Fenn
United States
2002
Koichi
Tanaka
Japan
2002
Kurt
Wüthrich
Switzerland
2001
William S.
Knowles
United States
2001
Ryoji
Noyori
Japan
2001
K. Barry
Sharpless
United States
2000
Alan
Heeger
United States
2000
Alan G.
MacDiarmid
United States
2000
Hideki
Shirakawa
Japan
1999
Ahmed
Zewail
Egypt
1998
Walter
Kohn
United States
1998
John
Pople
United Kingdom
1997
Paul D.
Boyer
United States
1997
Jens C.
Skou
Denmark
1997
John E.
Walker
United Kingdom
1996
Robert F.
Curl Jr.
United States
1996
Sir Harold
Kroto
United Kingdom
1996
Richard E.
Smalley
United States
1995
Paul J.
Crutzen
Netherlands
1995
Mario J.
Molina
United States
1995
F. Sherwood
Rowland
United States
1994
George A.
Olah
United States
1993
Kary B.
Mullis
United States
1993
Michael
Smith
Canada
1992
Rudolph A.
Marcus
United States
1991
Richard R.
Ernst
Switzerland
1990
Elias James
Corey
United States
1989
Sidney
Altman
Canada
1989
Thomas R.
Cech
United States
1988
Johann
Deisenhofer
Germany
1988
Robert
Huber
Germany
1988
Hartmut
Michel
Germany
1987
Donald J.
Cram
United States
1987
Jean-Marie
Lehn
France
1987
Charles J.
Pedersen
United States
1986
Dudley R.
Herschbach
United States
1986
Yuan T.
Lee
United States
1986
John C.
Polanyi
Canada
1985
Herbert A.
Hauptman
United States
1985
Jerome
Karle
United States
1984
Bruce
Merrifield
United States
1983
Henry
Taube
United States
1982
Aaron
Klug
United Kingdom
1981
Kenichi
Fukui
Japan
1981
Roald
Hoffmann
United States
1980
Paul
Berg
United States
1980
Walter
Gilbert
United States
1980
Frederick
Sanger
United Kingdom
1979
Herbert C.
Brown
United States
1979
Georg
Wittig
Germany
1978
Peter
Mitchell
United Kingdom
1977
Ilya
Prigogine
Belgium
1976
William
Lipscomb
United States
1975
John
Cornforth
Australia
1975
Vladimir
Prelog
Switzerland
1974
Paul J.
Flory
United States
1973
Ernst Otto
Fischer
Germany
1973
Geoffrey
Wilkinson
United Kingdom
1972
Christian
Anfinsen
United States
1972
Stanford
Moore
United States
1972
William H.
Stein
United States
1971
Gerhard
Herzberg
Canada
1970
Luis
Leloir
Argentina
1969
Derek
Barton
United Kingdom
1969
Odd
Hassel
Norway
1968
Lars
Onsager
United States
1967
Manfred
Eigen
Germany
1967
Ronald G.W.
Norrish
United Kingdom
1967
George
Porter
United Kingdom
1966
Robert S.
Mulliken
United States
1965
Robert B.
Woodward
United States
1964
Dorothy Crowfoot
Hodgkin
United Kingdom
1963
Giulio
Natta
Italy
1963
Karl
Ziegler
Germany
1962
John C.
Kendrew
United Kingdom
1962
Max F.
Perutz
United Kingdom
1961
Melvin
Calvin
United States
1960
Willard F.
Libby
United States
1959
Jaroslav
Heyrovsky
Czechoslovakia
1958
Frederick
Sanger
United Kingdom
1957
Lord Todd
United Kingdom
1956
Sir Cyril
Hinshelwood
United Kingdom
1956
Nikolay
Semenov
Soviet Union
1955
Vincent
du Vigneaud
United States
1954
Linus
Pauling
United States
1953
Hermann
Staudinger
Germany
1952
Archer J.P.
Martin
United Kingdom
1952
Richard L.M.
Synge
United Kingdom
1951
Edwin M.
McMillan
United States
1951
Glenn T.
Seaborg
United States
1950
Kurt
Alder
Germany
1950
Otto
Diels
Germany
1949
William F.
Giauque
United States
1948
Arne
Tiselius
Sweden
1947
Sir Robert
Robinson
United Kingdom
1946
John H.
Northrop
United States
1946
Wendell M.
Stanley
United States
1946
James B.
Sumner
United States
1945
Artturi
Virtanen
Finland
1944
Otto
Hahn
Germany
1943
George
de Hevesy
Hungary
1939
Adolf
Butenandt
Germany
1939
Leopold
Ruzicka
Switzerland
1938
Richard
Kuhn
Germany
1937
Norman
Haworth
United Kingdom
1937
Paul
Karrer
Switzerland
1936
Peter
Debye
Netherlands
1935
Frédéric
Joliot
France
1935
Irène
Joliot-Curie
France
1934
Harold C.
Urey
United States
1932
Irving
Langmuir
United States
1931
Friedrich
Bergius
Germany
1931
Carl
Bosch
Germany
1930
Hans
Fischer
Germany
1929
Arthur
Harden
United Kingdom
1929
Hans
von Euler-Chelpin
Sweden
1928
Adolf
Windaus
Germany
1927
Heinrich
Wieland
Germany
1926
The
Svedberg
Sweden
1925
Richard
Zsigmondy
Germany
1923
Fritz
Pregl
Austria
1922
Francis W.
Aston
United Kingdom
1921
Frederick
Soddy
United Kingdom
1920
Walther
Nernst
Germany
1918
Fritz
Haber
Germany
1915
Richard
Willstätter
Germany
1914
Theodore W.
Richards
United States
1913
Alfred
Werner
Switzerland
1912
Victor
Grignard
France
1912
Paul
Sabatier
France
1911
Marie
Curie
France
1910
Otto
Wallach
Germany
1909
Wilhelm
Ostwald
Germany
1908
Ernest
Rutherford
United Kingdom
1907
Eduard
Buchner
Germany
1906
Henri
Moissan
France
1905
Adolf
von Baeyer
Germany
1904
Sir William
Ramsay
United Kingdom
1903
Svante
Arrhenius
Sweden
1902
Emil
Fischer
Germany
1901
Jacobus H.
van ‘t Hoff
Netherlands
Year
Name
Citizenship
2020
Paul Robert
Milgrom
United States
2020
Robert Butler
Wilson, Jr.
United States
2019
Abhijit
Banerjee
United States
2019
Esther
Duflo
France
2019
Michael
Kremer
United States
2018
William Dawbney
Nordhaus
United States
2018
Paul Michael
Romer
United States
2017
Richard H.
Thaler
United States
2016
Oliver
Hart
United Kingdom
2016
Bengt
Holmström
Finland
2015
Angus
Deaton
United Kingdom
2014
Jean
Tirole
France
2013
Eugene F.
Fama
United States
2013
Lars Peter
Hansen
United States
2013
Robert J.
Shiller
United States
2012
Alvin E.
Roth
United States
2012
Lloyd S.
Shapley
United States
2011
Thomas J.
Sargent
United States
2011
Christopher A.
Sims
United States
2010
Peter A.
Diamond
United States
2010
Dale T.
Mortensen
United States
2010
Christopher A.
Pissarides
Cyprus
2009
Elinor
Ostrom
United States
2009
Oliver E.
Williamson
United States
2008
Paul Krugman
Paul Krugman
United States
2007
Leonid
Hurwicz
Russia
2007
Eric S.
Maskin
United States
2007
Roger B.
Myerson
United States
2006
Edmund S.
Phelps
United States
2005
Robert J.
Aumann
Israel
2005
Thomas C.
Schelling
United States
2004
Finn E.
Kydland
Norway
2004
Edward C.
Prescott
United States
2003
Robert F.
Engle III
United States
2003
Clive W.J.
Granger
United Kingdom
2002
Daniel
Kahneman
United States
2002
Vernon L.
Smith
United States
2001
George A.
Akerlof
United States
2001
A. Michael
Spence
United States
2001
Joseph E.
Stiglitz
United States
2000
James J.
Heckman
United States
2000
Daniel L.
McFadden
United States
1999
Robert A.
Mundell
Canada
1998
Amartya
Sen
India
1997
Robert C.
Merton
United States
1997
Myron S.
Scholes
United States
1996
James A.
Mirrlees
United Kingdom
1996
William
Vickrey
United States
1995
Robert E.
Lucas Jr.
United States
1994
John C.
Harsanyi
United States
1994
John F.
Nash Jr.
United States
1994
Reinhard
Selten
Germany
1993
Robert W.
Fogel
United States
1993
Douglass C.
North
United States
1992
Gary S.
Becker
United States
1991
Ronald H.
Coase
United Kingdom
1990
Harry M.
Markowitz
United States
1990
Merton H.
Miller
United States
1990
William F.
Sharpe
United States
1989
Trygve
Haavelmo
Norway
1988
Maurice
Allais
France
1987
Robert M.
Solow
United States
1986
James M.
Buchanan Jr.
United States
1985
Franco
Modigliani
United States
1984
Richard
Stone
United Kingdom
1983
Gerard
Debreu
United States
1982
George J.
Stigler
United States
1981
James
Tobin
United States
1980
Lawrence R.
Klein
United States
1979
Sir Arthur
Lewis
United Kingdom
1979
Theodore W.
Schultz
United States
1978
Herbert A.
Simon
United States
1977
James E.
Meade
United Kingdom
1977
Bertil
Ohlin
Sweden
1976
Milton
Friedman
United States
1975
Leonid Vitaliyevich
Kantorovich
Soviet Union
1975
Tjalling C.
Koopmans
United States
1974
Gunnar
Myrdal
Sweden
1974
Friedrich August
von Hayek
United Kingdom
1973
Wassily
Leontief
United States
1972
Kenneth J.
Arrow
United States
1972
John R.
Hicks
United Kingdom
1971
Simon
Kuznets
United States
1970
Paul A.
Samuelson
United States
1969
Ragnar
Frisch
Norway
1969
Jan
Tinbergen
Netherlands
Year
Name
Citizenship
2020
Louise
Glück
United States
2019
Peter
Handke
Austria
2018
Olga
Tokarczuk
Poland
2018
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature has been postponed, following a scandal among members of the Nobel committee.
2017
Ishiguro
Kazuo
United Kingdom
2016
Bob
Dylan
United States
2015
Svetlana
Alexievich
Ukraine
2014
Patrick
Modiano
France
2013
Alice
Munro
Canada
2012
Mo
Yan
China
2011
Tomas
Tranströmer
Sweden
2010
Mario
Vargas Llosa
Peru
2009
Herta
Müller
Germany
2008
Jean-Marie Gustave
Le Clézio
France
2007
Doris
Lessing
United Kingdom
2006
Orhan
Pamuk
Turkey
2005
Harold
Pinter
United Kingdom
2004
Elfriede
Jelinek
Austria
2003
J.M.
Coetzee
South Africa
2002
Imre
Kertész
Hungary
2001
V.S.
Naipaul
United Kingdom
2000
Gao
Xingjian
France
1999
Günter
Grass
Germany
1998
José
Saramago
Portugal
1997
Dario
Fo
Italy
1996
Wislawa
Szymborska
Poland
1995
Seamus
Heaney
Ireland
1994
Kenzaburo
Oe
Japan
1993
Toni
Morrison
United States
1992
Derek
Walcott
Saint Lucia
1991
Nadine
Gordimer
South Africa
1990
Octavio
Paz
Mexico
1989
Camilo José
Cela
Spain
1988
Naguib
Mahfouz
Egypt
1987
Joseph
Brodsky
United States
1986
Wole
Soyinka
Nigeria
1985
Claude
Simon
France
1984
Jaroslav
Seifert
Czechoslovakia
1983
William
Golding
United Kingdom
1982
Gabriel García
Márquez
Colombia
1981
Elias
Canetti
United Kingdom
1980
Czeslaw
Milosz
Poland
1979
Odysseus
Elytis
Greece
1978
Isaac Bashevis
Singer
United States
1977
Vicente
Aleixandre
Spain
1976
Saul
Bellow
United States
1975
Eugenio
Montale
Italy
1974
Eyvind
Johnson
Sweden
1974
Harry
Martinson
Sweden
1973
Patrick
White
Australia
1972
Heinrich
Böll
Germany
1971
Pablo
Neruda
Chile
1970
Alexandr
Solzhenitsyn
Soviet Union
1969
Samuel
Beckett
Ireland
1968
Yasunari
Kawabata
Japan
1967
Miguel Angel
Asturias
Guatemala
1966
Samuel
Agnon
Israel
1966
Nelly
Sachs
Sweden
1965
Mikhail
Sholokhov
Soviet Union
1964
Jean-Paul
Sartre
France
1963
Giorgos
Seferis
Greece
1962
John
Steinbeck
United States
1961
Ivo
Andric
Yugoslavia
1960
Saint-John
Perse
France
1959
Salvatore
Quasimodo
Italy
1958
Boris
Pasternak
Soviet Union
1957
Albert
Camus
France
1956
Juan Ramón
Jiménez
Spain
1955
Halldór
Laxness
Iceland
1954
Ernest
Hemingway
United States
1953
Winston
Churchill
United Kingdom
1952
François
Mauriac
France
1951
Pär
Lagerkvist
Sweden
1950
Bertrand
Russell
United Kingdom
1949
William
Faulkner
United States
1948
T.S.
Eliot
United Kingdom
1947
André
Gide
France
1946
Hermann
Hesse
Switzerland
1945
Gabriela
Mistral
Chile
1944
Johannes V.
Jensen
Denmark
1939
Frans Eemil
Sillanpää
Finland
1938
Pearl
Buck
United States
1937
Roger
Martin du Gard
France
1936
Eugene
O’Neill
United States
1934
Luigi
Pirandello
Italy
1933
Ivan
Bunin
stateless
1932
John
Galsworthy
United Kingdom
1931
Erik Axel
Karlfeldt
Sweden
1930
Sinclair
Lewis
United States
1929
Thomas
Mann
Germany
1928
Sigrid
Undset
Norway
1927
Henri
Bergson
France
1926
Grazia
Deledda
Italy
1925
George Bernard
Shaw
United Kingdom
1924
Wladyslaw
Reymont
Poland
1923
William Butler
Yeats
Ireland
1922
Jacinto
Benavente
Spain
1921
Anatole
France
France
1920
Knut
Hamsun
Norway
1919
Carl
Spitteler
Switzerland
1917
Karl
Gjellerup
Denmark
1917
Henrik
Pontoppidan
Denmark
1916
Verner
von Heidenstam
Sweden
1915
Romain
Rolland
France
1913
Rabindranath
Tagore
India
1912
Gerhart
Hauptmann
Germany
1911
Maurice
Maeterlinck
Belgium
1910
Paul
Heyse
Germany
1909
Selma
Lagerlöf
Sweden
1908
Rudolf
Eucken
Germany
1907
Rudyard
Kipling
United Kingdom
1906
Giosuè
Carducci
Italy
1905
Henryk
Sienkiewicz
Poland
1904
José
Echegaray
Spain
1904
Frédéric
Mistral
France
1903
Bjørnstjerne
Bjørnson
Norway
1902
Theodor
Mommsen
Germany
1901
Sully
Prudhomme
France
Year
Name
Citizenship
2020
World Food Programme (WFP)
Italy
2019
Abiy Ahmed
Ali
Ethiopia
2018
Denis
Mukwege
Congo, Democratic Republic
2018
Nadia
Murad
Iraq
2017
International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN)
Switzerland
2016
Juan Manuel
Santos Calderón
Colombia
2015
National Dialogue Quartet
Tunisia
2014
Kailash
Satyarthi
India
2014
Malala
Yousafzai
Pakistan
2013
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Netherlands
2012
European Union (EU)
Belgium
2011
Ellen Johnson
Sirleaf
Liberia
2011
Leymah
Gbowee
Liberia
2011
Tawakkul
Karman
Yemen
2010
Liu
Xiaobo
China
2009
Barack
Obama
United States
2008
Martti
Ahtisaari
Finland
2007
Albert Arnold (Al)
Gore Jr.
United States
2007
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Switzerland
2006
Muhammad
Yunus
Bangladesh
2006
Grameen Bank
Bangladesh
2005
Mohamed
ElBaradei
Egypt
2005
International Atomic Energy Agency
Austria
2004
Wangari
Maathai
Kenya
2003
Shirin
Ebadi
Iran
2002
Jimmy
Carter
United States
2001
Kofi
Annan
Ghana
2001
United Nations
United States
2000
Kim
Dae-jung
South Korea
1999
Médecins Sans Frontières
Belgium
1998
John
Hume
United Kingdom
1998
David
Trimble
United Kingdom
1997
Jody
Williams
United States
1997
International Campaign to Ban Landmines
United States
1996
Carlos Filipe Ximenes
Belo
Timor Leste
1996
José
Ramos-Horta
Timor Leste
1995
Joseph
Rotblat
United Kingdom
1995
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
Canada
1994
Yasser
Arafat
Palestinian Territory, Occupied
1994
Shimon
Peres
Israel
1994
Yitzhak
Rabin
Israel
1993
F.W.
de Klerk
South Africa
1993
Nelson
Mandela
South Africa
1992
Rigoberta Menchú
Tum
Guatemala
1991
Aung San Suu
Kyi
Myanmar
1990
Mikhail
Gorbachev
Soviet Union
1989
The 14th Dalai Lama
China
1988
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
United States
1987
Oscar Arias
Sánchez
Costa Rica
1986
Elie
Wiesel
United States
1985
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
United States
1984
Desmond
Tutu
South Africa
1983
Lech
Walesa
Poland
1982
Alva
Myrdal
Sweden
1982
Alfonso García
Robles
Mexico
1981
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Switzerland
1980
Adolfo Pérez
Esquivel
Argentina
1979
Mother Teresa
India
1978
Anwar
al-Sadat
Egypt
1978
Menachem
Begin
Israel
1977
Amnesty International
United Kingdom
1976
Mairead
Corrigan
United Kingdom
1976
Betty
Williams
United Kingdom
1975
Andrei
Sakharov
Soviet Union
1974
Seán
MacBride
Ireland
1974
Eisaku
Sato
Japan
1973
Henry
Kissinger
United States
1973
Le Duc
Tho
Viet Nam
1971
Willy
Brandt
Germany
1970
Norman
Borlaug
United States
1969
International Labour Organization
Switzerland
1968
René
Cassin
France
1965
United Nations Children’s Fund
United States
1964
Martin Luther
King
United States
1963
International Committee of the Red Cross
Switzerland
1963
League of Red Cross Societies
Switzerland
1962
Linus
Pauling
United States
1961
Dag
Hammarskjöld
Sweden
1960
Albert
Lutuli
South Africa
1959
Philip
Noel-Baker
United Kingdom
1958
Georges
Pire
Belgium
1957
Lester Bowles
Pearson
Canada
1954
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Switzerland
1953
George C.
Marshall
United States
1952
Albert
Schweitzer
France
1951
Léon
Jouhaux
France
1950
Ralph
Bunche
United States
1949
Lord Boyd
Orr
United Kingdom
1947
Friends Service Council
United Kingdom
1947
American Friends Service Committee
United States
1946
Emily Greene
Balch
United States
1946
John R.
Mott
United States
1945
Cordell
Hull
United States
1944
International Committee of the Red Cross
Switzerland
1938
Nansen International Office for Refugees
Switzerland
1937
Robert
Cecil
United Kingdom
1936
Carlos Saavedra
Lamas
Argentina
1935
Carl
von Ossietzky
Germany
1934
Arthur
Henderson
United Kingdom
1933
Sir Norman
Angell
United Kingdom
1931
Jane
Addams
United States
1931
Nicholas Murray
Butler
United States
1930
Nathan
Söderblom
Sweden
1929
Frank B.
Kellogg
United States
1927
Ferdinand
Buisson
France
1927
Ludwig
Quidde
Germany
1926
Aristide
Briand
France
1926
Gustav
Stresemann
Germany
1925
Sir Austen
Chamberlain
United Kingdom
1925
Charles G.
Dawes
United States
1922
Fridtjof
Nansen
Norway
1921
Hjalmar
Branting
Sweden
1921
Christian
Lange
Norway
1920
Léon
Bourgeois
France
1919
Woodrow
Wilson
United States
1917
International Committee of the Red Cross
Switzerland
1913
Henri
La Fontaine
Belgium
1912
Elihu
Root
United States
1911
Tobias
Asser
Netherlands
1911
Alfred
Fried
Austria
1910
Permanent International Peace Bureau
Switzerland
1909
Auguste
Beernaert
Belgium
1909
Paul Henri
d’Estournelles de Constant
France
1908
Klas Pontus
Arnoldson
Sweden
1908
Fredrik
Bajer
Denmark
1907
Ernesto Teodoro
Moneta
Italy
1907
Louis
Renault
France
1906
Theodore
Roosevelt
United States
1905
Bertha
von Suttner
Austria
1904
Institute of International Law
Belgium
1903
Randal
Cremer
United Kingdom
1902
Élie
Ducommun
Switzerland
1902
Albert
Gobat
Switzerland
1901
Henry
Dunant
Switzerland
1901
Frédéric
Passy
France
Year
Name
Citizenship
2020
Roger
Penrose
United Kingdom
2020
Reinhard
Genzel
Germany
2020
Andrea
Ghez
United States
2019
Phillip James Edwin (Jim)
Peebles
Canada
2019
Michel
Mayor
Switzerland
2019
Didier
Queloz
Switzerland
2018
Arthur
Ashkin
United States
2018
Gérard
Mourou
France
2018
Donna
Strickland
Canada
2017
Rainer
Weiss
United States
2017
Barry C.
Barish
United States
2017
Kip S.
Thorne
United States
2016
David James
Thouless
United Kingdom
2016
Frederick Duncan M.
Haldane
United Kingdom
2016
John Michael
Kosterlitz
United Kingdom
2015
Arthur B.
McDonald
Canada
2015
Takaaki
Kajita
Japan
2014
Isamu
Akasaki
Japan
2014
Hiroshi
Amano
Japan
2014
Shuji
Nakamura
Japan
2013
François
Englert
Belgium
2013
Peter W.
Higgs
United Kingdom
2012
Serge
Haroche
France
2012
David J.
Wineland
United States
2011
Saul
Perlmutter
United States
2011
Brian P.
Schmidt
United States
2011
Adam G.
Riess
United States
2010
Andre
Geim
Russia
2010
Konstantin
Novoselov
Russia
2009
Willard S.
Boyle
Canada
2009
Charles K.
Kao
China
2009
George E.
Smith
United States
2008
Makoto
Kobayashi
Japan
2008
Toshihide
Maskawa
Japan
2008
Yoichiro
Nambu
United States
2007
Albert
Fert
France
2007
Peter
Grünberg
Germany
2006
John C.
Mather
United States
2006
George F.
Smoot
United States
2005
Roy J.
Glauber
United States
2005
John L.
Hall
United States
2005
Theodor W.
Hänsch
Germany
2004
David J.
Gross
United States
2004
H. David
Politzer
United States
2004
Frank
Wilczek
United States
2003
Alexei A.
Abrikosov
United States
2003
Vitaly L.
Ginzburg
Russia
2003
Anthony J.
Leggett
United Kingdom
2002
Raymond
Davis Jr.
United States
2002
Riccardo
Giacconi
United States
2002
Masatoshi
Koshiba
Japan
2001
Eric A.
Cornell
United States
2001
Wolfgang
Ketterle
Germany
2001
Carl E.
Wieman
United States
2000
Zhores I.
Alferov
Russia
2000
Jack S.
Kilby
United States
2000
Herbert
Kroemer
Germany
1999
Gerardus
‘t Hooft
Netherlands
1999
Martinus J.G.
Veltman
Netherlands
1998
Robert B.
Laughlin
United States
1998
Horst L.
Störmer
Germany
1998
Daniel C.
Tsui
United States
1997
Steven
Chu
United States
1997
Claude
Cohen-Tannoudji
France
1997
William D.
Phillips
United States
1996
David M.
Lee
United States
1996
Douglas D.
Osheroff
United States
1996
Robert C.
Richardson
United States
1995
Martin L.
Perl
United States
1995
Frederick
Reines
United States
1994
Bertram N.
Brockhouse
Canada
1994
Clifford G.
Shull
United States
1993
Russell A.
Hulse
United States
1993
Joseph H.
Taylor Jr.
United States
1992
Georges
Charpak
France
1991
Pierre-Gilles
de Gennes
France
1990
Jerome I.
Friedman
United States
1990
Henry W.
Kendall
United States
1990
Richard E.
Taylor
Canada
1989
Hans G.
Dehmelt
United States
1989
Wolfgang
Paul
Germany
1989
Norman F.
Ramsey
United States
1988
Leon M.
Lederman
United States
1988
Melvin
Schwartz
United States
1988
Jack
Steinberger
United States
1987
J. Georg
Bednorz
Germany
1987
K. Alex
Müller
Switzerland
1986
Gerd
Binnig
Germany
1986
Heinrich
Rohrer
Switzerland
1986
Ernst
Ruska
Germany
1985
Klaus
von Klitzing
Germany
1984
Carlo
Rubbia
Italy
1984
Simon
van der Meer
Netherlands
1983
Subramanyan
Chandrasekhar
United States
1983
William A.
Fowler
United States
1982
Kenneth G.
Wilson
United States
1981
Nicolaas
Bloembergen
United States
1981
Arthur L.
Schawlow
United States
1981
Kai M.
Siegbahn
Sweden
1980
James
Cronin
United States
1980
Val
Fitch
United States
1979
Sheldon
Glashow
United States
1979
Abdus
Salam
Pakistan
1979
Steven
Weinberg
United States
1978
Pyotr
Kapitsa
Soviet Union
1978
Arno
Penzias
United States
1978
Robert Woodrow
Wilson
United States
1977
Philip W.
Anderson
United States
1977
Sir Nevill F.
Mott
United Kingdom
1977
John H.
van Vleck
United States
1976
Burton
Richter
United States
1976
Samuel C.C.
Ting
United States
1975
Aage N.
Bohr
Denmark
1975
Ben R.
Mottelson
Denmark
1975
James
Rainwater
United States
1974
Antony
Hewish
United Kingdom
1974
Martin
Ryle
United Kingdom
1973
Leo
Esaki
Japan
1973
Ivar
Giaever
United States
1973
Brian D.
Josephson
United Kingdom
1972
John
Bardeen
United States
1972
Leon N.
Cooper
United States
1972
Robert
Schrieffer
United States
1971
Dennis
Gabor
United Kingdom
1970
Hannes
Alfvén
Sweden
1970
Louis
Néel
France
1969
Murray
Gell-Mann
United States
1968
Luis
Alvarez
United States
1967
Hans
Bethe
United States
1966
Alfred
Kastler
France
1965
Richard P.
Feynman
United States
1965
Julian
Schwinger
United States
1965
Sin-Itiro
Tomonaga
Japan
1964
Nicolay G.
Basov
Soviet Union
1964
Aleksandr M.
Prokhorov
Soviet Union
1964
Charles H.
Townes
United States
1963
Maria
Goeppert-Mayer
United States
1963
J. Hans D.
Jensen
Germany
1963
Eugene
Wigner
United States
1962
Lev
Landau
Soviet Union
1961
Robert
Hofstadter
United States
1961
Rudolf
Mössbauer
Germany
1960
Donald A.
Glaser
United States
1959
Owen
Chamberlain
United States
1959
Emilio
Segrè
United States
1958
Pavel A.
Cherenkov
Soviet Union
1958
Il´ja M.
Frank
Soviet Union
1958
Igor Y.
Tamm
Soviet Union
1957
Tsung-Dao
Lee
China
1957
Chen Ning
Yang
China
1956
John
Bardeen
United States
1956
Walter H.
Brattain
United States
1956
William B.
Shockley
United States
1955
Polykarp
Kusch
United States
1955
Willis E.
Lamb
United States
1954
Max
Born
United Kingdom
1954
Walther
Bothe
Germany
1953
Frits
Zernike
Netherlands
1952
Felix
Bloch
United States
1952
E. M.
Purcell
United States
1951
John
Cockcroft
United Kingdom
1951
Ernest T.S.
Walton
Ireland
1950
Cecil
Powell
United Kingdom
1949
Hideki
Yukawa
Japan
1948
Patrick M.S.
Blackett
United Kingdom
1947
Edward V.
Appleton
United Kingdom
1946
Percy W.
Bridgman
United States
1945
Wolfgang
Pauli
Austria
1944
Isidor Isaac
Rabi
United States
1943
Otto
Stern
United States
1939
Ernest
Lawrence
United States
1938
Enrico
Fermi
Italy
1937
Clinton
Davisson
United States
1937
George Paget
Thomson
United Kingdom
1936
Carl D.
Anderson
United States
1936
Victor F.
Hess
Austria
1935
James
Chadwick
United Kingdom
1933
Paul A.M.
Dirac
United Kingdom
1933
Erwin
Schrödinger
Austria
1932
Werner
Heisenberg
Germany
1930
Venkata
Raman
India
1929
Louis
de Broglie
France
1928
Owen Willans
Richardson
United Kingdom
1927
Arthur H.
Compton
United States
1927
C.T.R.
Wilson
United Kingdom
1926
Jean Baptiste
Perrin
France
1925
James
Franck
Germany
1925
Gustav
Hertz
Germany
1924
Manne
Siegbahn
Sweden
1923
Robert A.
Millikan
United States
1922
Niels
Bohr
Denmark
1921
Albert
Einstein
Germany
1920
Charles Edouard
Guillaume
Switzerland
1919
Johannes
Stark
Germany
1918
Max
Planck
Germany
1917
Charles Glover
Barkla
United Kingdom
1915
William
Bragg
United Kingdom
1915
Lawrence
Bragg
United Kingdom
1914
Max
von Laue
Germany
1913
Heike Kamerlingh
Onnes
Netherlands
1912
Gustaf
Dalén
Sweden
1911
Wilhelm
Wien
Germany
1910
Johannes Diderik
van der Waals
Netherlands
1909
Ferdinand
Braun
Germany
1909
Guglielmo
Marconi
Italy
1908
Gabriel
Lippmann
France
1907
Albert A.
Michelson
United States
1906
J.J.
Thomson
United Kingdom
1905
Philipp
Lenard
Germany
1904
Lord Rayleigh
United Kingdom
1903
Henri
Becquerel
France
1903
Pierre
Curie
France
1903
Marie
Curie
France
1902
Hendrik A.
Lorentz
Netherlands
1902
Pieter
Zeeman
Netherlands
1901
Wilhelm Conrad
Röntgen
Germany
Year
Name
Citizenship
2020
Harvey James
Alter
United States
2020
Michael
Houghton
United Kingdom
2020
Charles Moen
Rice
United States
2019
William G.
Kaelin Jr
United States
2019
Peter John
Ratcliffe
United Kingdom
2019
Gregg Leonard
Semenza
United States
2018
James P.
Allison
United States
2018
Tasuku
Honjo
Japan
2017
Jeffrey C.
Hall
United States
2017
Michael
Rosbash
United States
2017
Michael W.
Young
United States
2016
Yoshinori
Ohsumi
Japan
2015
William C.
Campbell
Ireland
2015
Satoshi
Ōmura
Japan
2015
Youyou
Tu
China
2014
John
O’Keefe
United States
2014
May-Britt
Moser
Norway
2014
Edvard
Moser
Norway
2013
James E.
Rothman
United States
2013
Randy W.
Schekman
United States
2013
Thomas C.
Südhof
Germany
2012
Sir John B.
Gurdon
United Kingdom
2012
Shinya
Yamanaka
Japan
2011
Bruce A.
Beutler
United States
2011
Jules A.
Hoffmann
France
2011
Ralph M.
Steinman
Canada
2010
Robert G.
Edwards
United Kingdom
2009
Elizabeth H.
Blackburn
Australia
2009
Carol W.
Greider
United States
2009
Jack W.
Szostak
Canada
2008
Françoise
Barré-Sinoussi
France
2008
Luc
Montagnier
France
2008
Harald
zur Hausen
Germany
2007
Mario R.
Capecchi
United States
2007
Sir Martin J.
Evans
United Kingdom
2007
Oliver
Smithies
United States
2006
Andrew Z.
Fire
United States
2006
Craig C.
Mello
United States
2005
Barry J.
Marshall
Australia
2005
J. Robin
Warren
Australia
2004
Richard
Axel
United States
2004
Linda B.
Buck
United States
2003
Paul C.
Lauterbur
United States
2003
Sir Peter
Mansfield
United Kingdom
2002
Sydney
Brenner
United Kingdom
2002
H. Robert
Horvitz
United States
2002
John E.
Sulston
United Kingdom
2001
Leland H.
Hartwell
United States
2001
Tim
Hunt
United Kingdom
2001
Sir Paul
Nurse
United Kingdom
2000
Arvid
Carlsson
Sweden
2000
Paul
Greengard
United States
2000
Eric R.
Kandel
United States
1999
Günter
Blobel
United States
1998
Robert F.
Furchgott
United States
1998
Louis J.
Ignarro
United States
1998
Ferid
Murad
United States
1997
Stanley B.
Prusiner
United States
1996
Peter C.
Doherty
Australia
1996
Rolf M.
Zinkernagel
Switzerland
1995
Edward B.
Lewis
United States
1995
Christiane
Nüsslein-Volhard
Germany
1995
Eric F.
Wieschaus
United States
1994
Alfred G.
Gilman
United States
1994
Martin
Rodbell
United States
1993
Richard J.
Roberts
United Kingdom
1993
Phillip A.
Sharp
United States
1992
Edmond H.
Fischer
Switzerland
1992
Edwin G.
Krebs
United States
1991
Erwin
Neher
Germany
1991
Bert
Sakmann
Germany
1990
Joseph E.
Murray
United States
1990
E. Donnall
Thomas
United States
1989
J. Michael
Bishop
United States
1989
Harold E.
Varmus
United States
1988
Sir James W.
Black
United Kingdom
1988
Gertrude B.
Elion
United States
1988
George H.
Hitchings
United States
1987
Susumu
Tonegawa
Japan
1986
Stanley
Cohen
United States
1986
Rita
Levi-Montalcini
Italy
1985
Michael S.
Brown
United States
1985
Joseph L.
Goldstein
United States
1984
Niels K.
Jerne
Denmark
1984
Georges J.F.
Köhler
Germany
1984
César
Milstein
Argentina
1983
Barbara
McClintock
United States
1982
Sune K.
Bergström
Sweden
1982
Bengt I.
Samuelsson
Sweden
1982
John R.
Vane
United Kingdom
1981
David H.
Hubel
United States
1981
Roger W.
Sperry
United States
1981
Torsten N.
Wiesel
Sweden
1980
Baruj
Benacerraf
United States
1980
Jean
Dausset
France
1980
George D.
Snell
United States
1979
Allan M.
Cormack
United States
1979
Godfrey N.
Hounsfield
United Kingdom
1978
Werner
Arber
Switzerland
1978
Daniel
Nathans
United States
1978
Hamilton O.
Smith
United States
1977
Roger
Guillemin
United States
1977
Andrew V.
Schally
United States
1977
Rosalyn
Yalow
United States
1976
Baruch S.
Blumberg
United States
1976
D. Carleton
Gajdusek
United States
1975
David
Baltimore
United States
1975
Renato
Dulbecco
United States
1975
Howard M.
Temin
United States
1974
Albert
Claude
Belgium
1974
Christian
de Duve
Belgium
1974
George E.
Palade
United States
1973
Konrad
Lorenz
Austria
1973
Nikolaas
Tinbergen
United Kingdom
1973
Karl
von Frisch
Germany
1972
Gerald M.
Edelman
United States
1972
Rodney R.
Porter
United Kingdom
1971
Earl W.
Sutherland, Jr.
United States
1970
Julius
Axelrod
United States
1970
Sir Bernard
Katz
United Kingdom
1970
Ulf
von Euler
Sweden
1969
Max
Delbrück
United States
1969
Alfred D.
Hershey
United States
1969
Salvador E.
Luria
United States
1968
Robert W.
Holley
United States
1968
H. Gobind
Khorana
United States
1968
Marshall W.
Nirenberg
United States
1967
Ragnar
Granit
Sweden
1967
Haldan K.
Hartline
United States
1967
George
Wald
United States
1966
Charles B.
Huggins
United States
1966
Peyton
Rous
United States
1965
François
Jacob
France
1965
André
Lwoff
France
1965
Jacques
Monod
France
1964
Konrad
Bloch
United States
1964
Feodor
Lynen
Germany
1963
Sir John
Eccles
Australia
1963
Alan L.
Hodgkin
United Kingdom
1963
Andrew F.
Huxley
United Kingdom
1962
Francis
Crick
United Kingdom
1962
James
Watson
United States
1962
Maurice
Wilkins
United Kingdom
1961
Georg
von Békésy
United States
1960
Sir Frank Macfarlane
Burnet
Australia
1960
Peter
Medawar
United Kingdom
1959
Arthur
Kornberg
United States
1959
Severo
Ochoa
United States
1958
George
Beadle
United States
1958
Joshua
Lederberg
United States
1958
Edward
Tatum
United States
1957
Daniel
Bovet
Italy
1956
André F.
Cournand
United States
1956
Werner
Forssmann
Germany
1956
Dickinson W.
Richards
United States
1955
Hugo
Theorell
Sweden
1954
John F.
Enders
United States
1954
Frederick C.
Robbins
United States
1954
Thomas H.
Weller
United States
1953
Hans
Krebs
United Kingdom
1953
Fritz
Lipmann
United States
1952
Selman A.
Waksman
United States
1951
Max
Theiler
South Africa
1950
Philip S.
Hench
United States
1950
Edward C.
Kendall
United States
1950
Tadeus
Reichstein
Switzerland
1949
Walter
Hess
Switzerland
1949
Egas
Moniz
Portugal
1948
Paul
Müller
Switzerland
1947
Gerty
Cori
United States
1947
Carl
Cori
United States
1947
Bernardo
Houssay
Argentina
1946
Hermann J.
Muller
United States
1945
Ernst B.
Chain
United Kingdom
1945
Sir Alexander
Fleming
United Kingdom
1945
Sir Howard
Florey
Australia
1944
Joseph
Erlanger
United States
1944
Herbert S.
Gasser
United States
1943
Henrik
Dam
Denmark
1943
Edward A.
Doisy
United States
1939
Gerhard
Domagk
Germany
1938
Corneille
Heymans
Belgium
1937
Albert
Szent-Györgyi
Hungary
1936
Sir Henry
Dale
United Kingdom
1936
Otto
Loewi
Austria
1935
Hans
Spemann
Germany
1934
George R.
Minot
United States
1934
William P.
Murphy
United States
1934
George H.
Whipple
United States
1933
Thomas H.
Morgan
United States
1932
Edgar
Adrian
United Kingdom
1932
Sir Charles
Sherrington
United Kingdom
1931
Otto
Warburg
Germany
1930
Karl
Landsteiner
Austria
1929
Christiaan
Eijkman
Netherlands
1929
Sir Frederick
Hopkins
United Kingdom
1928
Charles
Nicolle
France
1927
Julius
Wagner-Jauregg
Austria
1926
Johannes
Fibiger
Denmark
1924
Willem
Einthoven
Netherlands
1923
Frederick G.
Banting
Canada
1923
John
Macleod
Canada
1922
Archibald V.
Hill
United Kingdom
1922
Otto
Meyerhof
Germany
1920
August
Krogh
Denmark
1919
Jules
Bordet
Belgium
1914
Robert
Bárány
Austria
1913
Charles
Richet
France
1912
Alexis
Carrel
France
1911
Allvar
Gullstrand
Sweden
1910
Albrecht
Kossel
Germany
1909
Theodor
Kocher
Switzerland
1908
Paul
Ehrlich
Germany
1908
Ilya
Mechnikov
Russia
1907
Alphonse
Laveran
France
1906
Camillo
Golgi
Italy
1906
Santiago
Ramón y Cajal
Spain
1905
Robert
Koch
Germany
1904
Ivan
Pavlov
Russia
1903
Niels Ryberg
Finsen
Denmark
1902
Ronald
Ross
United Kingdom
1901
Emil
von Behring
Germany
उपरोक्त नोबेल प्राइज तालिका ऑफिसियल पोर्टल के माध्यम से प्रकाशित किये गए है, यदि कोई त्रुटी हो तो कृप्या हमे कांटेक्ट फॉर्म के माध्यम से सूचित करे | हमे उम्मीद है कि नोबेल पुरस्कार से संबधित आपको समस्त प्रकार की जानकारी प्राप्त हुई होगी, लेख अच्छा लगे तो hindiraj को आगे शेयर करे |